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Language representations:
Internal representations
The source applies to many different levels
We be in want of rules that allow us to originate combinations
Phonology:
The study of harangue sounds in language
Phonemes are sounds that extraordinary a difference in meaning
Minimal pairs (2 wrangling with different meanings that only be of a ~ent opinion in one phoneme) e.g. pack-saddle/pat
Variation in speech sounds:
Free change – variation in sounds that do not vary meaning
Allophones are related sounds that accomplish not signal a difference in aim
Contextual variation – sounds change based ~ward their context e.g books (s), boys (z)
Phonemes are not the identical letters
They are language specific
Morphology:
Minimal units of intention e.g. (dogs + s = dog + plural, skip + ed = jump + past)
Inflectional morphology does not vary the underlying meanings
Derivational morphology changes its meaning or it’s syntax
Evidence beneficial to morphology: Wug test: this is a wug, in that place are two of them – these are ____ WUGS! Can’t be memorised, must involve generalisation, Chinese the bulk of mankind would just say wug.
Syntax:
Rules of syntax work on grammatical constituents
Replacement rule proof for constituents
If a set of words can replace another set of logomachy then they are the same constituent e.g some girls and some girls mothers
Recursion:
Rules that divine choice themselves
NP – article noun (pp) ‘the employee’. (pp) means optional. PP = preposition NP – adjoining the man
Semantics:
Semantics refer to the meanings of talk and sentences
Classical theories – words get dictionary like definitions but some categories are fuzzy
Pragmatics:
How we exercise language to do things in the universe
We often use an indirect/well-behaved means to convey meaning
Literal sense/ implied meaning (e.g. can you way the salt actually means pass the wit)
Gricean maxims:
Quantity – be informative
Qualify – exist truthful
Relation – be relevant
Manner – exist clear

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